C# (pronounced “C Sharp”) is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. It’s widely used for building desktop apps, web apps, mobile apps, and games (especially with Unity).
1.Your First C# Program
A simple C# program looks like this:
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
}
}
Explanation:
using System;→ imports basic functionality (likeConsolefor input/output).class Program→ defines a class (the building block of C# programs).static void Main(string[] args)→ the entry point of every C# application.Console.WriteLine()→ prints text to the screen.
2.Variables & Data Types
C# is strongly typed, meaning each variable has a specific data type.
int age = 25; // Integer
double price = 19.99; // Decimal numbers
char grade = 'A'; // Single character
string name = "Alice"; // Text
bool isStudent = true; // True/False
3.Operators
int a = 10, b = 5; Console.WriteLine(a + b); // 15 (addition) Console.WriteLine(a - b); // 5 (subtraction) Console.WriteLine(a * b); // 50 (multiplication) Console.WriteLine(a / b); // 2 (division) Console.WriteLine(a % b); // 0 (remainder)
4.Control Flow
If-Else
int age = 18;
if (age >= 18)
Console.WriteLine("You are an adult.");
else
Console.WriteLine("You are a minor.");
Switch
string day = "Monday";
switch (day)
{
case "Monday":
Console.WriteLine("Start of the week!");
break;
case "Friday":
Console.WriteLine("Weekend is near!");
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("Another day.");
break;
}
5.Loops
For Loop
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + i);
}
While Loop
int count = 1;
while (count <= 5)
{
Console.WriteLine("Count: " + count);
count++;
}
6.Arrays
string[] fruits = { "Apple", "Banana", "Cherry" };
foreach (string fruit in fruits)
{
Console.WriteLine(fruit);
}
7.Methods (Functions)
static int AddNumbers(int x, int y)
{
return x + y;
}
Console.WriteLine(AddNumbers(5, 10)); // Output: 15
8.Classes & Objects
class Car
{
public string Brand;
public int Year;
public void Start()
{
Console.WriteLine(Brand + " is starting!");
}
}
// Using the class
Car myCar = new Car();
myCar.Brand = "Toyota";
myCar.Year = 2020;
myCar.Start(); // Toyota is starting!
Summary:
- C# is object oriented and strongly typed.
- Key concepts: variables, operators, control flow, loops, arrays, methods, and classes.
- It’s powerful for games, apps, and enterprise software.
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